An Importance Of Henrietta Lacks In Medicine - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1497 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/08/07 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Henrietta Lacks Essay Did you like this example? Â   In conclusion, without HeLa cells cancer, polio, syphilis, and AIDS would not have advanced without Henrietta Lacks. I do believe that because of the Jim Crow Laws that were enacted played a huge barrier as to how African American people were treated in healthcare due to their lack of education, poverty rate, lack of money, and their low socioeconomic status. HeLa cells helped scientist discover the different stages of cancer and how normal cells becomes cancerous. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An Importance Of Henrietta Lacks In Medicine" essay for you Create order In hindsight, the unethical and immoral violations that were practiced during this time are beyond horrific. Because of the out- right deceit pertaining to Mrs. Lacks and other patients there is now informed consent forms that have to signed even if the patient is at a research hospital. No human being should be dissected and experimented on without his or her consent for any reason and for that reason there are now a code of ethics that doctors and scientists must abide by when dealing with patients, especially vulnerable ones. This really bothered me because her family later found out what went on with their mom and Deborah took it the hardest. She was Henriettas first daughter and it was only right that the universe connected Rebecca Skloot to her. Henriettas story is now told and her legacy will always be remembered and not hidden due to the unethical acts those doctors and scientists did. Even though her family was never compensated, Rebecca who is the writer of the Immoral Life of Henrietta Lacks, made a foundation for Henrietta and that is something worth the hurt and pain the family. After I finished reading the book, I did a little more research on my own, I found that when Henrietta was sick she didnt inform no one of her cervical cancer at first. She just continued going to her visits at John Hopkins hospital. This goes to show that she was a very strong woman. It shows that she kept her pain to herself. While the doctor worked on her, he placed radium inside her cervix and stitched her up. While he was operating, at that time, he took several specimens of her tumors that was sent to the lab for culturing. (Skloot, 2016) Henrietta had to finally reveal to her family that she had cancer because she was required to go to Hopkins every-day for month to begin x-ray therapy. Dr. Gey removed the radium from her cervix and sent her home, but she had to come back for another treatment. Henrietta cells began to grow uncontrollably after two days. He began to share the cells with his colleagues to experiment with at first. At first Henrietta did not appear to be sick fr om the radiation but shortly after, she got sicker and sicker. According to Skloot, The treatments caused burning on the skin of her trunk (Skloot, 2010). Even though her health was declining, the doctors were making advances in the fight against cancer with her cells. Eventually, Henriettas cells were shipped across the world to different labs. These labs would grow more of her cells then ship them to other doctors for their research. As Henriettas condition worsened, the doctors could not detect that the cancer was spreading. Henrietta was experiencing some abdominal pain but she seemed fine. Henrietta voiced her concerns to the doctors but refused to challenge them because they were white. Within weeks, she was diagnosed with inoperable cancer. Henrietta was sent home without any type of explanation. Her abdomen was now full of tumors and Henrietta was in excruciating pain. The doctors continued to perform radiation treatments to alleviate the pain and they wanted more cells from her cervix. These cells died immediately because her body was now filled with pollutants. The pain was so intense that morphine was not able to help ease the pain. Henrietta was dying and her body could no longer handle or process the toxins in her body. Friends and family instantly travelled to the hospital to donate blood. By this time, she was bed ridden and strapped into the bed to prevent falling and seizures. Henrietta passed away about a week later. (Skloot, 2010; Skloot, 2106) At that time in the 50s, a lot of segregation and racist acts were being done to African Americans. According to u-s-history.com, Jim Crow Laws were statutes and ordinances established between 1874 and 1975 to separate the white and black races in the American South. In theory, it was to create separate but equal treatment, but in practice Jim Crow Laws condemned black citizens to inferior treatment and facilities. This was definitely a barrier as to why blacks didnt get proper treatment from not just the public health but proper treatment overall. African Americans at that time had little to no education with lower socioeconomic statuses compared to whites. Most came from poverty just as Henrietta did. Due to these reasons they had no knowledge of healthcare. Henrietta Lacks was not the only person that received unethical treatment from the public health. There was a study done called the Tuskegee Experiment that was conducted from 1932-1972. According to cdc.gov, In 1932, the Publi c Health Service, working with the Tuskegee Institute, began a study to record the natural history of syphilis in hopes of justifying treatment programs for blacks. It was called the Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male. The study initially involved 600 black men 399 with syphilis, 201 who did not have the disease. The study was conducted without the benefit of patients informed consent. Researchers told the men they were being treated for bad blood, a local term used to describe several ailments, including syphilis, anemia, and fatigue. In truth, they did not receive the proper treatment needed to cure their illness. In exchange for taking part in the study, the men received free medical exams, free meals, and burial insurance. Although originally projected to last 6 months, the study actually went on for 40 years. This too was an act that the public health did with doing things without the consent of patients. Many of those men died and many also passed the disea se to their wives and the wives passed it to their offspring by giving birth. This goes to show the history of African Americans and how they relate to the US medical health. It is very unfortunate that these things happened and if it wasnt for those barriers these situations would have played out very differently. This book opened my eyes even more as to how the health system failed us. No one really knew the whole story behind Henrietta Lacks and her cells. Rebecca was so determined to tell Henriettas story she reached out to Henriettas daughter Deborah and she told her moms story. Henrietta Lacks was a young beautiful woman that found a lump in her vagina after doing a self-examination. She had no idea what it was at first but it never went away. She went to John Hopkins hospital and Howard Jones later diagnosed her with cervical cancer. A doctor removed a piece of her tumor without consent and gave the sample to scientist/researcher named Dr. George Otto Gey, which he experimented on to see if her cells will remain alive and grow, which theyve been trying to do for years with cells of other patients. Henriettas cells did not die compared to the other cells. Those doctors and scientists violated several moral and ethical guidelines while extracting not only Henrietta tissue without her consent but other patients cells without their consent. The story of Henrietta Lacks is one example of the malicious treatment that the African American race, poor, disabled, incarcerated, and sickly children had to endure during this time period. For decades, scientists had been collecting tissue samples from patients without consent, searching for cells that could live outside the human body. In 1951, an African American woman by the name Henrietta Lacks entered a hospital in Baltimore, Maryland and everything changed. She was diagnosed with cervical cancer in Hopkins hospital. Her cancerous human tissue was so unique because it was the first cell line they discovered in over 30 years that can survive and reproduce indefinitely. Scientists were able to perform experiments that they never could before Henriettas tissue. Her cells strains were given the name Hela. For that reason, they didnt want to disclose her name, keeping in mind they used her cells without her consent. It has been given to laboratories around the world. Used by doctors and scientist to perform experiments and research starting with the polio vaccine. Mrs. Lacks died a little after her visit to John Hopkins due to her cervical cancer with no reconciliation that she was going to make history. The Lacks family was never compensated for their mothers contribution to science. In 1954, Microbiological Associates began selling Hela cells, which gave birth to the biomedical industry. Her cells made many major medical breakthroughs and thanks to Rebecca Skloot and her obsession with Mrs. Lacks, she wanted to tell her story.

The Planning Function of Management - 1206 Words

Most companies have a vision, mission statement, and a set of core values. These three things are normally made up by a group of senior managers or a leadership team. Once these three things are decided upon, the upper management or leadership team should deliver the information to the management below them, so the important information is delivered to all levels of employees within the company. After the these three things have been set, most companies will post their vision, mission statement and core values somewhere for all employees to see. Often time’s new employees are given copies of these three things in orientation or on their first day of work. Coming up with the vision, mission statement and core values are just one way that†¦show more content†¦Again, this is a way of planning that requires the participation of all levels of management. Operational planning is used mostly by lower level or front line managers. These are the routine tasks of scheduling, hu man resource tasks, and daily statistics which are looked at when planning for future staffing and projects. Although these tasks are carried out by lower level management or supervisors, they upper management still has a say in these tasks. The upper level management or leadership team more than likely made those tasks as a part of the employees daily routine; so again, all hands of management play a roll in the operational planning as well. Contingency planning tends to be the one that is discussed the least. Contingency planning is very important in most companies, as this is where the safety and disaster planning comes into play. These plans are made by all levels of management as well as employees who are non-managers. Each department knows its own needs when it comes to its contingency plans, it is important to have all employees involved in the planning. For example, a fire drill plan; all the employees know where the closest exit to their workspace is, and they can all agree to find a common meeting place outside of the building. This is not a plan that has to be done by a specific level of management. There has to be some management oversight, but all the department employees need to be inShow MoreRelatedThe Management Functions Of Planning927 Words   |  4 Pagesassigned reading and peer-reviewed journals. The three concepts discussed are: The Management Functions of Planning, The Management Functions of Controlling and The Management Functions of Organizing. The management functions of planning is a crucial function of management as it is setting goals for specific results and determining how to achieve those results Satterlee (2013). There are many aspects that impact planning within an organization such as it gives organization direction; decreases uncertainty;Read MorePlanning Functions of Management1530 Words   |  7 PagesPlanning Functions of Management â€Å"Planning is concerned with the future impact of today s decisions. It is the fundamental function of management from which the other four functions stem† (Erven, 1999). Considering planning is the first of the four functions of management, one can appreciate the importance and impact it has on the other functions. Production cannot begin and staff cannot be mobilized unless the planning phase has been completed. Factors however, do exist which affect the planningRead MorePlanning Management Functions1840 Words   |  8 PagesManagement Functions Planning Introduction In this assignment we should learn more about management, this function and the principal task of the function management is planning. 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It is the progresshon whereby companies settle their assets with their goals and opportunities. Samson and Daft (2015) argue that the placement of organization capitals to reach strategic goals is organising. Companies cannot attain their goals without planning and organizing. This essay first will provide a general view of planning.Read MoreOrganizational Planning And Functions Of Management Essay1787 Words   |  8 Pages QUESTION 3: DISCUSS THE STEPS RELATED TO ORGANIZATIONAL PLANNING AND FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT INCLUDING ECONOMIC TRENDS AND MARKETS WITH RESPECT TO THE DIETARY SUPPLEMENT INDUSTRY. Originally, all body supplements are being produced by a pharmaceutical companies whose nature of business is to produce variety of medicines . Later on, the producers became mindful of the costs associated with ineffective planning which potentially results in poor quality of products of dietary supplementsRead MoreFunctions Of Planning : Planning, A Essential Aspect Of Management1838 Words   |  8 Pagesin a period of five years. PROJECT PLANNING: Projects involving a few activities, resources, constraints, and inter-relationships can be visualized easily by the human mind and planned informally. However, when a project crosses a certain threshold level of size and complexity, informal planning has to be substituted by formal planning. The need for formal planning is indeed much greater for project work than for normal operations. Without effective planning, there may be chaos (Chandra, 2009)Read MoreFunctions Of Management : Planning, Directing And Controlling Essay933 Words   |  4 Pagesfour major functions of management in order to succeed. The success of any business organization depends on how well these functions are applied. These management functions make it possible for a business to handle its business strategy, tactical and operational decisions in a more efficient and effective manner. The aim of this paper is to discuss the four main functions of management: Planning, Organizing, Directing an d controlling. a. Planning - This is the first management function and it isRead MoreManagement: Planning Function Essay examples1624 Words   |  7 PagesManagement: Planning Function Planning is a major function of management. Planning may be the most important of all management functions. Planning involves a six-step process that assists an organization in setting goals and determining how to accomplish them best (Allen, 1998). â€Å"Effective planning helps an organization adapt to change by identifying opportunities

The Movie Beastly Free Essays

The movie Beastly is a romantic fantasy drama film that is directed by Daniel Barnz. The stars are Alex Pettyfer as Kyle Kingson and Vanessa Hudgens as Linda Taylor. The film denotes that your character is more important than your physical appearance and it also denotes that don’t look up to yourself too high. We will write a custom essay sample on The Movie Beastly or any similar topic only for you Order Now Kyle is a rich, handsome guy and a very popular boy in the school in the start of the movie I already saw the arrogant side of Kyle. He thinks that he is the most beautiful creature in the world. He’s so arrogant. The witch warned him that he should change his attitude but he didn’t listen the second chance that the witch give was wasted he never learn until the witch cursed him. He makes him into a beastly. Then there is this girl named Linda Taylor she change Kyle. Linda is a lovely girl and she loves flowers specially rose. She teaches Kyle how to appreciate and love things that he has. She teaches him how to truly love something or someone. When Kyle turned into a beast he thought that no one will accept him because of his appearance. The witch told him that someone must love him even so he doesn’t look too good. At the almost end of the story he lost his hope because Linda left him. But at the end Linda and Kyle end up together. And Linda said the three magical words â€Å"I love you†. Being beautiful and handsome is so overwhelming but if your attitude is not so good your beauty is nothing. You should always be aware that others might misunderstand your actions or what you have said to them. Be sensitive enough to know that someone is hurt by what you have said. Always remember that in communicating in someone you should know his/ her cultural background. Kyle’s speech was too much others like the witch didn’t like it because he said that he doesn’t care about the environment he just care about his image. He is being insensitive to others that love our environment. You as the speaker should always know how to express your opinion in a nice and clear way so that there will be no misunderstanding in mode of communication. Even though you have imperfections and flaws in life there will always be someone who will accept your imperfections and flaws. There will always be someone that will love you and accept you for who you are. Always remember that nobody is perfect in this world all of us had experience some downfall and failures in life but we should always not lose hope in everything. In every problem there will always be a solution. How to cite The Movie Beastly, Papers

Consumer Behavior and Music free essay sample

As the presence of the internet becomes more predominant as an everyday activity in peoples lives, the way consumers access, select, buy and listen to music continues to evolve, being the likely cause of the fall of the traditional record industry (Barfed, 2004). One key aspect that Is Influencing these changes Is technology.Technology has been a major characteristic of the music industry throughout the last century as to how music has been and is being accessed: from acoustic, through electronic to digital recording techniques, going through vinyl, tape and CDC (Murray, 2012). However, the emergence of the Internet has created a new channel of music provision (Deliver and King, 2012) that enables individuals accessing and downloading music files more easily and efficiently (Besotted et al. 2005). Therefore the music industry Is a marketplace that is in transition from physical to digital (Barnes, 2009). Although we already find an established online music retail market, given the large illegal activity, in the form of digital music piracy that took place through the peer-to- peer websites (Deliver and King, 2012), and streaming sites (Moravia TV, 2009), the USIA industry has seen the Internet as a threat to the business (Sunken and Mall. 2007).Consumers, on the other hand, have been fast in adopting the new tools of exchanging music via the internet with file-sharing platforms such as Anapest and Aziza that quickly emerged allowing users to exchange digital music with one click (Sunken and Maim, 2007). While the industry placed most of the efforts in trying to reduce the illegal usage of the internet, by placing law suits against the most popular platforms such as Megalopolis (Molars TV, 2009), the steadily Increasing number of nonusers became more accustomed to download music for free (Walsh et al. , 2003).The growth in file-swapping systems forced the industry to readdress how it will derive its future revenue streams (Mà ªlà ©es and Sullivan. 2002) In the face of the decrease in global CD sales (Edison Media Research, 2002). Additionally, other non- traditional competitors such as Apple and Microsoft also became present in the Industry (Sunken and Mat, 2007) with electronic music players such as the pod, which engaged a younger generation of consumers who saw in these devices a trendy and seasonable item, which also implied new patterns of music consumption (Sunken and Mat, 2007).With music consumption as strong as ever, and even more so in the form of streaming (Angled, 2013), the popular saying that the genie is now out of the bottle is even more valid as eliminating such services will have little impact in the overall business (Hansen et. Al. , 2000). However, the appearance of a wide range of compelling products out there, such as Spottily, Pandora or Sonata, that are free and catering for its users, are getting consumers hooked and even transforming them Into paying customers when they were Initially stealing (Parks, 2013).As consumers are looking for ways to maximize the utility and benefits that come also time and energy spent (Deliver and King, 2012), the internet has become a preferred platform that adapts to these needs. As the Chief Content Officer of Spottily, Ken Parks (2012), explained during the panel on The Future for the Music Industry at the Creative Content Summit, due to the diverse platforms available through the internet, consumers have experienced music at a speed of light, and having tried this, will not want to stop. He also explained that companies and artists need to find a model that adapts to this new behavior and that only those business models which do not force users to change how they consume music, but look at Nat they are doing and satisfy those needs, will become successful. Nile any change in music format presents a significant challenge to the industry and consumers alike, as stated by Sunken and Maim (2007), the research suggests there are a wide range of motivations, such as novelty seeking, experimentation, Impulsiveness and playfulness, which influence consumers adoption of new reduces or services (Hiroshima, 1980; Littler, 2001).Nile traditionally users discovered music either through the radio or from friends, and only consumed through album purchases, users are now increasingly experience music through social media, and consume digital versions of songs and albums. New social media driven by user-generated content is starting to displace traditional forms of media distribution . Social media is increasingly used for sharing information about the artist, music albums and song, and also for the sharing of the music itself paean and Armadas, 2012).This social component about music plays an important role and acts as a resource through which people make sense of a place and its social reality (Sarnia, 2011). These dynamics are not only shifting the consumer behavior but also impacting the size and shape of music sales (Dean and Armadas, 2012). Ere music industry has experienced a turning point driven by the Internets distribution of music as a digital good, having substantial impacts on the players in the traditional recorded music value chain (Besotted, et al. , 2004).The internet and digital technologies have not only changed how music is consumed, but also strutted, and therefore the whole music market structure. Fast broadband internet connections, new audio formats, and smartness with the possibility of storing large amounts of data, have provided consumers with unlimited room for Choice and changed the way they listen to music (Sunken and Mat, 2007). However, Ninth the advent of digital music formats, there are many opportunities for changes in the recorded music distribution value chain (Besotted, et al. 2004). Besotted, Kauffman and Rigging (2004) also argue that digital music is reproducible at a nearly ere cost, which leads to a lowering of distribution costs in comparison to physical formats. With this change, new opportunities arise for artists to avoid production costs of physical CDC and bypass royalty contracts. In addition, consumers also obtaining before. Digital music is already gaining ground to the physical format music: the digital music industry revenue for 2012 was estimated at USED 5. Billion (9% increase from 2011), which accounts for a 34% of total industry revenues (IF, 2013). Big music labels are therefore experiencing a gradual decrease of control levels over the distribution and artists. As exemplified by Sunken and Maim (2007), a music band named Arctic Monkeys managed to distribute their music in an independent manner via the Internet without any support from big labels. These structural changes of the value chain could potentially have a broader impact on the distribution of profits within the industry. Digital music is a format with low costs of reproduction and transfer, it is portable and easy to store, and allows for individual tracks to be sampled and remixed into new creations. For these reasons, it is subject to significant Intellectual Property (P) eight concerns (Besotted, et. Al. , 2004). However, these traits of digital products facilitate the widespread and often illegal distribution worldwide. (Copal, et. Al. , 2006). Though IP rights are considered as a base for all business models across industries, they must adapt to the changing environment, and evaluated in light of their performance.However, the existing laws and measures regarding IP in the music industry, and the measures being taken to ensure they are being exercised, have proved to be inefficient (Lempel, et. Al. , 2007). Lempel, Ball and Shah (2007) infirm that activities such as online distribution and sales, increasing visibility and momentum through concerts and events or promoting online communities are examples of how the industry is starting to adapt to the new environment and improve its performance. They conclude that the emergence of these practices are a first step towards fighting piracy and strengthen IP rights. In this regard, the 2016: La Revolution Musical film goes a step forward by predicting that in the upcoming years, artists IP rights should be limited to five years in order to encourage creativity ND innovation (Claque Final, 2011). With Minute studies foreseeing that the digital music industry will offset the decline of the CD market, and the positive predictions and data demonstrating the opportunity for growth for paid-for downloads market (Sunken and Mat, 2007), the music industry has the opportunity to offer new products and services that will adapt the new consumers behaviors and practices.These companies are reinventing how to consume music founding their services in already established practices, but built into new technologies to expand new ways of making money (Murray, 2013). While the industry success will still be heavily dependent on digital sales and concert tickets (Lynch, et. Al. , 2009), focus on new services with increased online interaction will be also important. As the Chairman and Founder of Beggars Group, Martin Mills, argued during the Creative Content Summit (2012), music video streaming services, such as Youth or Bimbo, Internet radios, radio on demand platforms, are Just a few examples of new services that not only allow for interaction, but have reach and power. These new platforms are focusing all their efforts into creating a pull rather Han the traditional push strategy, in a very subtle way.Additionally, as consumers customization and increased level of involvement will also become key aspects of new services (Lynch, t. Al. , 2009). In regards to new models for the music industry, as per a CNN interview with Malcolm Dunbar, Director of Pledge Music (2013), artists will have more choices on how to finance their projects thanks to the appearance of Crowd funding platforms. He argues that with the shift of the industry due to the internet and social networks, there is a clear reduction of labels, and artists must find alternative financing models or their music.